How to install and access open vpn

I’m a huge fan of IPCop. It’s a great firewall distro that makes administration a snap using a slick web interface. My goal was to use IPCop and an easy-to-use VPN client to allow access to my LAN while away from home.

I ended up going with the ZERINA OpenVPN addon for IPCop and the OpenVPN GUI for Windows.

If you’ve ever wanted full, secure, encrypted access to your LAN from any remote location, here is your guide.

Just follow these ten easy steps…



IMPORTANT UPDATE: Newer versions of both IPCop and ZERINA (new URL!) have been released since I wrote this HOWTO. You will need to go to each of their respective websites and use the latest version of each to make this work. Ignore the version numbers and/or links given below. You need the latest version of each package!

1. Install IPCop

Download, install, and configure IPCop. Remember that it’s a full distro, so you need a dedicated box to be able to run it. But the good thing is that you barely need any processor power or RAM to make it work. I’m currently running mine on a Celeron 433 box with 32MB (yes, megabytes) of RAM. The CD installer really holds your hand and makes it quite easy, but you may want to check out my Building an IPCop Firewall presentation that I gave at CPLUG back in May 2005.

The OpenVPN addon requires the latest version of IPCop, but since you apply security patches as they come out you don’t have to worry about that… right? Right.

Also, I added a line for the IPCop box to /etc/hosts on my other hosts.

$ grep ipcop /etc/hosts
192.168.1.2 ipcop

So from here on, I’ll be refering to it by it’s hostname of ipcop.

2. Enable ssh access on the IPCop box

Point your browser at your IPCop box, usually at https://ipcop:445 and go to System and then SSH Access. Check the boxes for “SSH Access”, “Allow password based authentication”, and “Allow public key based authentication” and then press the Save button.


3. Download and scp the OpenVPN addon

While IPCop does come with a built-in VPN server, by using OpenVPN you will be able to use the nice GUI clients that are available for it. So download the ZERINA installer and save it to one of your boxen other than the IPCop box. I recommend using wget.

Next, scp the file to your ipcop box:

$ scp -P 222 ZERINA-0.9.3b-Installer.tar.gz root@ipcop:
root@ipcop's password: *********
ZERINA-0.9.3b-Installer.tar.gz 100% 327KB 326.5KB/s 00:00


Please note that the version numbers in the listing above and throughout this HOWTO were current as of the writing of this page. However, newer versions have been released since that time. Please be sure to use the latest versions of all packages as you follow along.

4. Unpack and install the OpenVPN addon

First, ssh into the ipcop box:

$ ssh -p 222 root@ipcop

Make a directory in which to unpack the addon and move the tar file into there:

root@ipcop:~ # mkdir zerina
root@ipcop:~ # mv ZERINA-0.9.3b-Installer.tar.gz zerina
root@ipcop:~ # cd zerina
root@ipcop:~ # tar -xzvf ./ZERINA-0.9.3b-Installer.tar.gz

You should now have the following files:

root@ipcop:~/zerina # ls
_GPL library.addons _README updatefiles
install patch.tar.gz uninstall

Now run the installation script:

root@ipcop:~ # ./install

The addon is now installed.

5. Create a configuration file

This is an important step. Do not skip it.

Point your browser at https://ipcop:445/ and go to the VPNs tab and then OpenVPN. Hit the Advanced Server Options button. Without making any changes to the options, hit the Save button.

6. Follow the OpenVPN/ZERINA HOWTO

There is no sense in me repeating the extremely clear and helpful howto at the ZERINA site. Go there and carefully walk through each of the steps. Along the way you will generate your certificates and create a new connection profile for a user.

If you follow the directions, you’ll end up with both a Root Certificate and a Host Certificate. You will also have a connection certificate that you will need to put on the client/remote PC, and you’ll end up setting the password for the client/connection. Make sure it is the Host-to-Net Virtual Private Network (RoadWarrior) type:


Don’t forget to turn OpenVPN on in Step 5. :)

7. Download the OpenVPN client package (zip)

On the OpenVPN configuration page, after you have created a client connection profile, you will see the following icons next to it:


Click the multicolored icon to the left of the info icon, and save the zip file to somewhere. You’ll need to get this file to the client/remote computer (e.g. via USB drive or email).

8. Load the OpenVPN GUI client

Download the OpenVPN GUI for Windows and install it on your client computer.


Installation docs are available, but there’s not much to do other than walk through the installer.

After it is installed, you’ll have the following icon at the bottom of your screen:


9. Unzip OpenVPN client package

Take the client package that you saved in Step 7 and unzip the contents into your OpenVPN client config directory. That is probably located at: C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config.

10. Connect to the VPN

Make sure that OpenVPN is running on the ipcop box, and that you are connected to the Internet.

Right-click on the OpenVPN icon and click Connect:


Note that if you did not install the client package correctly in Step 9, you will not have that option available.

Enter the password that you set in Step 6, and you should be connected! You will get assigned an IP address in the 10.241.239.0 range by default.


Once you have an IP, you’ll be able to access all the resources on the LAN (e.g. Samba shares).

How to install IPCOP

Firewalls are everywhere. They are standard issue, par-for-the-course, ticket-to-ride technology that every network, system, and device that is connected to the Internet now requires. Firewalls also take on a lot of different forms, from software solutions to small devices you can pick up at an electronics store to high-end boxes from vendors such as Cisco.

All of the different firewall choices can get a little overwhelming for IT professionals, especially when you only need to set up a simple firewall to protect a small or remote office network. In that case, one of the best solutions for combining low-cost, ease-of-use, and beefy functionality is IPCop.

What is IPCop?
Essentially, IPCop is a Linux-based firewall that turns an x86 system into a firewall appliance. You could call IPCop a Linux firewall distribution, because it has a self-contained kernel and operating system. In other words, you do not have to install IPCop on top of a standard Linux distribution such as Red Hat. You install IPCop like you would an operating system, and once it is installed it completely monopolizes the machine for use as a firewall appliance.

After installation, IPCop is controlled by a Web-based GUI and does not require any knowledge of Linux. It leverages the strengths of open source—it's free and continually updated and patched—and it takes advantage of the power of Linux firewall and security software such as IPTables, Snort IDS, and FreeS/WAN VPN and simplifies their usage and configuration into its Web-based interface.

The following are some of the features that IPCop includes:

• Network Address Translation (NAT)
• DHCP server
• VPN server
• Transparent Web proxy
• Secure Shell (SSH) access
• Port forwarding
• DMZ setup
• Detailed, well-organized logs
• Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
• Traffic statistics and graphics

For more details on the features and development of IPCop, take a look at my TechRepublic article on the subject.

---

Other firewall distributions
IPCop is not the only Linux firewall distribution. Most notably, IPCop is a derivative of the free version of SmoothWall, which is now a subset of a commercial firewall product called CorporateServer 3.0. Other firewall distributions include Devil-Linux and the Coyote Linux Floppy Firewall.

---

What does it require?
IPCop is software that turns an x86 machine into a hardware appliance—a firewall/gateway/router in this case. You can run an IPCop firewall on minimal hardware. However, for a business deployment I would recommend the following minimum requirements:

• 300-MHz CPU
• 256 MB of RAM
• 5-GB hard disk
• Two 3Com NICs

These minimum requirements assume that we're dealing with a small or remote office with a DSL Internet connection (or equivalent) and up to about 30 client machines. You can get by with less than the hardware I've recommended, but this is a solid starting point. If you are supporting more than 50 client machines, you should probably go with at least a 500-MHz CPU, 512 MB of RAM, and a 10-GB hard disk (the extra disk space is needed for IPCop's Web proxy).

As you can see above, I also recommend using 3Com NIC cards. That's for two reasons. First, they tend to fail less than other NICs (Intel cards are pretty sturdy, too). Second, IPCop usually has an easy time recognizing these cards, and that makes installation a lot easier. You can use up to three NICs with IPCop—one for the internal network, one for the Internet, and one for a DMZ.

Pre-installation preparations
In this tutorial, I'm going to be walking through the most common configuration for IPCop, which is to set it up as a firewall/gateway running two interfaces and no DMZ. During the IPCop installation, this setup is called a GREEN + RED configuration, in which the green interface is the NIC connected to the local network (usually a hub or a switch) and the red interface is the NIC connected to the Internet (such as a DSL/Cable/T1 router).

Before you start the installation, you need to make sure you have the following information ready:

1. The static IP address that will be used for the green interface (this will eventually become the default gateway address for the client systems on your network)
2. How you need to obtain the IP address for the Internet (RED) interface—this could be static, DHCP, PPTP, or PPPoE (if the address is obtained via DHCP, check to see if you need to provide a hostname)
3. Whether you will be running a DHCP server from the firewall/gateway, and if so, what range of addresses will be handed out by the DHCP server

Once you have this information hammered out, you are ready to install. You will need to download the IPCop software. This comes in the form of an ISO image that can be turned into a bootable installation CD using a CD burner. For example, you can download the ISO and burn it in Windows using Easy CD Creator or similar programs (you can look in the help files of your CD-burning software for information on how to burn ISOs).

Perform the installation
Once you have your IPCop installation CD made, pop it in the CD drive of the target system and restart. The system should automatically boot into the CD (if it doesn’t, then you probably need to change the boot order in the system's BIOS so that the CD is the first device that the system tries to boot from). If you have successfully booted from the IPCop CD, you'll see the welcome screen in Figure A.

Figure A

At the welcome screen, press [Enter] to start the installation. After the installer loads, the first thing you will be prompted to do will be to select a language (Figure B).

Figure B

The next selection you will have to make involves the installation media. Choose CDROM (Figure C). You may get a message that tells you to insert the CD into the computer. It should already be there, but if not then insert it and click OK.

Figure C

The next message you get on the screen will tell you that IPCop is about to repartition the target hard drive and will tell you which drive it is going to format (e.g. /dev/hda1), as shown in Figure D. Once this operation is completed all the data on the selected disk will be wiped out, so make sure you have the correct hard disk installed in your system and that IPCop has selected it correctly.

Figure D

Once the partitioning is complete, you'll get a message asking if you would like to restore an IPCop system configuration (from a past installation), as you can see in Figure E. I assume you don't have a backup from a previous IPCop installation, but if you do, put the floppy disk in the system and select Restore. Otherwise, select Skip.

Figure E

Next, it's time to start the preliminary network configuration. You will be prompted to configure the GREEN (internal network) interface (Figure F). Click Probe.

Figure F

IPCop shouldn’t have any trouble identifying your network adapters (especially if you’re using 3Com NICs, as I recommended). You'll get a message telling you the vendor name of the NIC that IPCop identified as the GREEN interface, and then you will be prompted to enter a static IP address (Figure G).

Figure G

After you set the IP address and subnet mask of IPCop's GREEN interface, the installation will spit out the IPCop CD and you will get a message telling you that the installation was successful, but that there are a few more steps to complete (Figure H). Remove the CD and select OK.

Figure H

You'll then be prompted to select the keyboard type that you are using and select your time zone. Then you select a hostname for the IPCop machine (Figure I). The default is "ipcop" (which I would recommend changing so that you don't simply give away its identity to potential attackers).

Figure I

The ISDN Configuration Menu pops up next (Figure J). This is only needed if you have an internal ISDN card. If you do want to use ISDN, I would recommend using a separate ISDN router and then connecting its network interface to the RED interface of IPCop. On this menu, simply select Disable ISDN.

Figure J

You are now prompted with the Network Configuration Menu (Figure K). Highlight Network Configuration Type, then press [Tab] to select OK and press [Enter].

Figure K

In the Network Configuration Type Menu (Figure L), select GREEN+RED to set up a standard firewall in which one network adapter goes to the internal network (GREEN) and the other adapter connects to the Internet (RED).

Figure L

After you select GREEN+RED, you'll go back to the Network Configuration Menu in Figure K. This time you should select Drivers And Card Assignments, then tab over to OK and press [Enter]. You'll receive a screen that shows the current card assignments and asks if you want to make changes (Figure M). Click OK and IPCop will probe for your NICs and attempt to allocate the second NIC to the RED interface.

Figure M

Once that's complete, you'll return to the Network Configuration Menu (Figure K) again. This time you should select Address Settings, and then you'll be prompted to select the appropriate interface (Figure N). You should select RED.

Figure N

This will lead you to the RED interface configuration screen. It looks similar to the GREEN interface configuration screen back in Figure F, except that you have four selections at the top: Static, DHCP, PPPOE, and PPTP. In most cases, this basically comes down to a choice between Static and DHCP, and it simply depends on whether your ISP has assigned you a static IP address or if the address is assigned automatically via DHCP. If the answer is DHCP, highlight that option and press the spacebar to select it. If it is Static, you'll also need to enter the IP address and subnet mask.

When you're finished and you select OK, you'll return to the Network Configuration Menu. If you are using DHCP on the RED interface, you can select Done. However, if you have a static IP address, you need to select DNS And Gateway Settings, which will provide a screen for you to enter two DNS servers and a default gateway (Figure O).

Figure O

Select Done, and you will then be prompted with the DHCP Server Configuration (Figure P) dialog box. IPCop can act as a DHCP server for the internal network (via the GREEN interface). If you would like to use IPCop as a DHCP server, simply press the spacebar to select Enabled, then enter the range of addresses you would like to allocate and fill in other DHCP settings.

Figure P

After you're done with the DHCP server configuration, you will be prompted to enter passwords (Figure Q) for three users: root, setup, and admin. The root account is for console access, the setup account is for getting back into the installation menus, and the admin account is for logging into the Web administration interface.

Figure Q

Once you have entered the passwords, you will receive a message that says Setup is complete (Figure R). Click OK to reboot the IPCop server.

Figure R

Confirm that it works
After the IPCop firewall restarts and is ready to go, you'll hear a unique series of three beeps that tells you IPCop is now live. The first test you should run is to open up a command prompt from a machine on the same internal network as the GREEN interface of IPCop and try to ping the IP address of IPCop's GREEN interface.

If that works, then you can open up a Web browser and connect to IPCop's Web administration module. You can connect via HTTP or HTTPS and you can use either the IP address or the hostname of the GREEN interface, but you have to append specific port numbers (81 for HTTP and 445 for HTTPS). For example, these four URLs demonstrate the format:

• http://ipcop:81
• https://ipcop:445
• http://192.168.1.1:81
• https://192.168.1.1:445

Obviously, you should replace ipcop and 192.168.1.1 with the hostname or IP address that you assigned for your firewall. When you successfully connect to the Web interface, you see the screen in Figure S. When you click the menu items on the left navigation bar (e.g. Information, Logs, System) you'll be prompted for a username and password. You should use the "admin" username along with the password you assigned to it.

Figure S

I'm innocent! says Ampatuan Jr., points to Umbra Kato

Shame on you and to the government!. We can see on the video  that the suspect has an special treatment to the government for a reason that the usual routine would handcuff the suspect as we usually see on any news event or even in the movie but it is contradict to what we have seen and it has been pointed out by  NBI agent that it is a new standard procedure being applied to him, for my own opinion then why its not been applied by other government agency and its unlikely that the ampatuan are the first suspect being treated like that how about the others?This only show how influential they are in connection to this, lets us join hands to call on a true justice. a justice wherein the victims and had been victim of a ruthless warlords attained.

Ampatuan Jr. turned over to DOJ Secretary in General Santos City

Finally the ampatuan's family had turned it over to the government  to surrender one of the prime suspect of the bloody massacre held in mindanao and considered to be the worst case of pre-election period in the Philippines. In addition to, the government must immediately act and impose the right due process of law in accordance with the committed crimes that even a passing juan dela cruz had been a victim. The people are now waiting for the immediate result since that it is already clear that both side had past history of conflict due to political ambition of their clan to take over the area.

Malacanang: Ampatuans must surrender suspect today

COTABATO CITY –  Malacañang has given a powerful clan in Mindanao until this Thursday to surrender one of its own who has been linked to the massacre in Maguindanao, an official said.
Mindanao Affairs Secretary Jesus Dureza said that Datu Unsay Mayor Andal Ampatuan Jr. must surrender or combat troops will attack the Ampatuan premises in Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao's capital town.
Ampatuan Jr., son of Maguindanao Governor Andal Ampatuan Sr., was identified as being behind the gruesome killings of at least 57 persons, most of them journalists, who were supposed to cover the filing of the certificate of candidacy of rival politician Esmael Mangudadatu.
"Am giving them [Ampatuans] up to 10 this morning to peacefully surrender Datu Unsay [Andal, Jr.'s moniker] or else the AFP [Armed Force of the Philippines] will be forced to swoop into their abodes," he said.
The surrender may take place either in Shariff Aguak or at the General Santos airport, where the surrenderee is expected to be flown to Manila," said Dureza, who declined to elaborate.
Earlier in the day, Philippine National Police Chief Jesus Verzosa said on radio that several gunmen were arrested.
He identified the suspects as militiamen under the control of Ampatuan Jr.
"Andal Ampatuan Jr. is a suspect. He has sent feelers and Secretary Dureza will accompany him to submit to an investigation," Verzosa said, referring to President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's adviser on the southern island of Mindanao.
The massacre occurred after about 100 Ampatuan gunmen allegedly abducted a convoy of aides and relatives of a rival politician, Esmael Mangudadatu, plus a group of journalists.
The victims were snatched as they were traveling in a six-vehicle convoy to nominate Mangudadatu as the opposition candidate for provincial governor in next year's elections.
They were shot at close range, some with their hands tied behind their backs, and dumped or buried in shallow graves on a remote farming road close to a town bearing the Ampatuan name.
Fifty-seven bodies have been recovered so far, and police are still searching for more potential victims.
Ampatuan Sr. had been grooming his son, currently a local mayor, to take over as governor of Maguindanao.
The victims' relatives alleged the Ampatuans organized the murders so that Mangudadatu would not run for that post.
Thursday's actions by the police were the first arrests in relation to the massacre.

Arroyo dared: Get Ampatuans

MANILA, Philippines—Shocked and outraged by the Monday massacre in Maguindanao province, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s allies Tuesday called on her to swiftly go after a scion of the clan that helped her clinch victory in the 2004 presidential election.

Gilbert “Gibo” Teodoro Jr., standard-bearer of the ruling Lakas-Kampi-CMD, said authorities should immediately arrest Datu Unsay Mayor Andal Ampatuan Jr. on the strength of the evidence supposedly pointing to him and his men.
“The government should [take] unequivocal and strong [steps] against the perpetrators. [Ampatuan] must be arrested because he has something to do with this. He must also face an impartial investigation,” the resigned defense secretary said at a press conference.
Ampatuan should surrender to the police if he wants to clear his name, Teodoro said. He also said a delay in the government’s response to the “indescribable” killings would be a cause of “national embarrassment.”
Palawan Rep. Antonio Alvarez, the spokesperson of the ruling party, said any of its members found liable for the killings should be expelled at once.
The Ampatuans are party members. Only in June, Gov. Zaldy Ampatuan of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), a son of Maguindanao Gov. Andal Ampatuan, was appointed interim regional chair of the party.
“If the party leadership, despite overwhelming evidence, will continue to keep them in the ranks for political expediency, then it will be wracked with resignations as it will become untenable for many members, like me, to stay in a party that coddles mass murderers,” Alvarez warned.
He said the party would not be worthy of its name Lakas-Kampi-Christian Muslim Democrats if it served as a refuge for “people who violate that principle in the most heinous manner.”
“Gibo’s good fight will lose its meaning if [the party] accepts support from people whose very actions contradict the party’s philosophy of political tolerance and civil discourse,” Alvarez said, adding:
“The spiral of violence will only be stopped, justice served, and democracy honored if the full force of the law is applied without fear or favor.”
In cold blood
At the House of Representatives, Speaker Prospero Nograles said Malacañang should “drop all political considerations” in its investigation to determine those responsible for the murder of at least 36 people, including lawyers and journalists.
“This is already beyond political alliances. I still cannot imagine how a man can be so brutal and cold-blooded in employing violence just to achieve political ends. It is really unbelievable,” said Nograles, who represents the first district of Davao City.
“The effort to identify the culprits, particularly the masterminds, should be done swiftly but with cold objectivity, and all partisan considerations, including political alliances, should be set aside,” he said.
Nograles urged the military and police to beef up security in Maguindanao in order to avert more violence there.
“[They] should now step up efforts to disarm private armed groups in Mindanao,” he said, warning that the killings could erupt into a full-blown clan war known as “rido.”
Nograles also said the Commission on Elections should study whether it would be still feasible to hold elections in Maguindanao in May.
Warlords
Elsewhere, Vice President Noli de Castro condemned the killings and called on the government to “assert its power to stop warlordism.”
“These barbaric acts have no place in a civilized society. The perpetrators, no matter what power or political influence they wield, should be brought to justice,” he said.
De Castro said the government should immediately take a direct hand at restoring law and order in Maguindanao.
“These acts of violence are more despicable considering that no respect whatsoever was given to media men,” said De Castro, a former broadcast journalist.
He called on police and military authorities to purge their ranks and hold to account the politicians responsible for the mass murder.
The Vice President also said utmost protection should be extended to all eyewitnesses in order to ensure the prosecution of the perpetrators.
“Let justice be done at all cost,” he said.
Teodoro likewise called for the dismantling of private armies and the reinforcement of police and military forces in Maguindanao.
“We can’t do this by shortcut,” he said. “Only [police and military] presence can solve this security problem.”
Declared Teodoro: “I condemn in the strongest possible terms this lunacy that occurred in Maguindanao... I can come up with no justification or idea ... to comprehend what made a person do this.”
He said the authorities should arrest the perpetrators “whoever they may be.”
“Even if they are political allies, they should be punished if they are found liable,” he said.
Arroyo to blame
According to militant party-list lawmakers, the President is to blame for the situation in Maguindanao.
Akbayan Rep. Walden Bello said Ms Arroyo was answerable for the mass murder because of her support for the Ampatuans.
“Her office exercises oversight functions on provincial governments. More important, Malacañang’s coddling of [Maguindanao] Governor Ampatuan as a political ally has contributed to the culture of impunity surrounding his rule,” Bello said in a statement.
Anakpawis Rep. Rafael Mariano blamed Ms Arroyo for the “warlordism” in the country, specifically her tolerance of the Ampatuans’ private army.
“The culture of impunity and violence under the Arroyo [administration] appears to lead to societal collapse... It is highly condemnable that this barbaric act happened [even with] the heightened presence of state security forces in the area,” Mariano said.
Bayan Muna Rep. Satur Ocampo said the Monday massacre was a challenge to the President because she had to ensure a thorough inquiry of even her close allies.
He said the killings also showed the administration’s “utter incompetence” in preventing the proliferation of armed groups.
“This is a challenge to [Ms Arroyo’s] political will since this is the biggest election-related violence... The moral and political responsibility is that there should be a very thorough investigation to identify those responsible,” Ocampo said.
He also said the military and police should be held liable for allowing armed groups to operate and carry out criminal acts.
Gabriela Rep. Liza Maza said Ms Arroyo should see to it that the violence in Maguindanao would not set the tone for the rest of the election season.
Maza also said the killings showed that women were “the most vulnerable in the mad scramble for power during elections,” and that it was not true, as often believed, that women would be spared from harm because of their gender.
Anak Mindanao Rep. Mujiv Hataman said the massacre was unprecedented in the history of election violence in Mindanao.
Challenge from Senate
Senators also dared the President to go after the Ampatuans.
Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile, Senate Minority Leader Aquilino Pimentel Jr. and Senators Panfilo Lacson, Rodolfo Biazon, Alan Peter Cayetano, Pia Cayetano and Francis Pangilinan called on her to send in the military, disarm and “shoot if necessary” the perpetrators of the crime.
Pimentel also called for the immediate detention of ARMM Governor Ampatuan as a “material witness,” saying he had learned that the latter was in Manila and was even at the Palace the other day.
Lacson, who was among the senatorial candidates who got a zero vote in Maguindanao during the 2007 polls, said in a statement: “Such senseless killing and violence must be dealt with firmly just to show the rule of law can still prevail in a part of the country where the Ampatuans act like gods.”
Pangilinan called on the Palace not to condone lawless elements and their criminal acts.
“What kind of a government is this [that] fails to protect its own people?” he said.

Arroyo declares state of emergency in Maguindanao

MANILA, Philippines – (UPDATE) President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on Tuesday put parts of the troubled southern Philippines under emergency rule following a massacre of at least 24 people there, her spokesman said.


Spokesman Cerge Remonde said the proclamation covered the province of Maguindanao, where the massacre occurred on Monday, and two other neighbouring areas that together had a combined population of 1.54 million people.


"There is an urgent need to prevent and suppress the occurrence of several other incidents of lawless violence," Arroyo said in the proclamation, according to Remonde.


"The Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police are hereby ordered to undertake such measures as allowed by the constitution and by law to prevent and suppress all incidents of lawless violence in the aforesaid areas."


The state of emergency authorizes the military to impose curfews, set up checkpoints and undertake searches of homes.


The crisis began on Monday when armed men allegedly linked to Andal Ampatuan, the political kingpin in the area, seized more than 40 followers of a rival politician and journalists.


The bullet-riddled bodies of at least 24 among the group were later found in the area, while police were continuing to dig up newly dug graves on Tuesday in search of the others still missing.


Relatives of the some of the victims said the Ampatuan clan organized the massacre to stop a rival politician from filing his nomination to run as governor in next year's national elections.


The group had been part of a convoy travelling to an election office in which the rival candidate was going to be nominated for governor.


Fourteen of the people confirmed killed were women. Some of those killed were also reporters who had been accompanying the convoy to report on the attempted nomination.


The military said it suspected the Ampatuans were behind the massacre, but emphasized an investigation was under way.

Maguindanao Massacre!- death toll rises to 22—military

Here comes the Election! this is the season where most of the candidate are beginning to think of win...win...win and make money just to take power and gain control for another term of office or they only want the power and fame that they wanted to show that no one can take it away from them. Sorry for the statement folks but I am bothered after reading an article of a certain website and watching a local television network here in mindanao.

KIDAPAWAN CITY  (MindaNews/23 November) –  An undetermined number of armed men ambushed on Monday morning the wife of a gubernatorial bet, two female lawyers, nearly a dozen journalists and security personnel, in Ampatuan town, Maguindanao, en route to the provincial Commission on Elections office in Shariff Aguak, to file his certificate of candidacy.

In what is the bloodiest pre-election violence in Mindanao since the restoration of democracy in 1986, the convoy members – 36 of them – were reported missing since 9:30 a.m., an hour after they left Buluan town in Maguindanao.  Two hours later, reports about six persons beheaded had come out and by 6 p.m., 21 bodies were reported to have been recovered --- 13 female and eight male -- including Jenalyn’s, wife of Buluan Vice Mayor Ismael Toto Mangudadatu.

The fate of 15 others is still unknown. http://www.mindanews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7253&Itemid=50

What a kind of a family dictator they have?and what does the national government doing? Is this another part of another hello garci anomalies for the coming presidential election "Huwag mo kaming pakialaman dito at ako naman ang bahala sa boto mo dito" ?

Pacquiao Punished Cotto and get the Seventh Title

LAS VEGAS — When it ended, Manny Pacquiao had won his seventh title in seven weight divisions, a first in boxing history. Miguel Cotto exited with white shorts long stained red. His wife and son had left three rounds earlier, so bloody was the beating.

Manny Pacquiao, of the Philippines, right, lands a right to the head of Miguel Cotto, of Puerto Rico, during their WBO welterweight boxing title fight on Saturday in Las Vegas.

Pacquiao won this anticipated fight by technical knockout, after the fight was stopped in the 12th and final round at the MGM Grand Garden Arena. The fight easily could have stopped — some would say it should have stopped —earlier.

The brutal beatdown of Cotto continued Pacquiao’s progression, adding to a résumé that must now be weighed against the best in boxing history. Potentially, this could set up the boxing match everyone wants to see: Pacquiao against Floyd Mayweather Jr.

By the third round, Cotto (34-2) had been knocked down, his nose bloodied, his corner quieted. Here was Pacquiao (50-3-2), the savage, speedy southpaw, deconstructing yet another formidable opponent.

Cotto kept smacking Pacquiao in the thighs, trying to slow him down. It proved futile. In the fourth round, Pacquiao landed a powerful left hand — half uppercut, half hook — and Cotto’s face went backward, twisted in a grimace, as he fell to the canvas once again.

In the sixth round, Pacquiao busted Cotto’s bottom lip open, then took a shot from Cotto as the round ended. But Pacquiao sauntered back to his corner, a smile stretched wide across his face.

As the fight wore on, Cotto’s left eye kept swelling, until it looked like a golf ball was attached. Pacquiao landed punches with both hands, jabs, hooks, upper cuts, a punishing variety.

Cotto never quit, but he made a habit of dancing backward. In the ninth round, Pacquiao backed his opponent into the ropes, again and again, until he had rendered Cotto’s face a bloody mess.

The fight presented a classic contrast in styles. Could the larger, more powerful Cotto pound Pacquiao into submission? Could the fastest southpaw on the planet overwhelm Cotto with flurries by fist?

Both fighters came from poverty, won at young ages, captured the imagination of their countries in the process. Pacquiao entered this fight as the star of the show, but it was Cotto who was the World Boxing Organization welterweight champion.

Pacquiao kept moving up in weight, kept beating favored fighters, winning as easily at 112 pounds as at 140. He earned six titles in six weight divisions, forced Oscar De La Hoya into retirement, knocked out Ricky Hatton with a savage blow rarely delivered by a man his size.

Along the way, Pacquiao collected belts, from lightweight to junior welterweight and every belt in between. He entered Henry Armstrong territory, earning comparisons to the boxer who won three titles in 10 months in 1937 when there were only eight divisions.

Pacquiao was more than just a boxer. He became an international superstar, a singer with albums that twice went platinum, an actor with so much money he made his own movies.

As this fight, the toughest of his career, crept closer, celebrities picked Pacquiao to win. Everyone from Hillary Clinton to Sylvester Stallone — Rocky himself — predicted victory.

Proof of Pacquiao’s own confidence came from the concert he scheduled at Mandalay Bay, a full eight songs to be sung fewer than two hours after the fight concluded.

But Cotto was no ordinary opponent, not at first glance anyway. His only loss in the 35 fights came against Antonio Margarito, an opponent later caught with doctored gloves, who beat Cotto so badly in this ring that Cotto was bleeding from his mouth, eye and ears.

After that fight, Cotto covered his body in tattoos and claimed he had moved on. But the question lingered: Had Margarito permanently softened Cotto?

Freddie Roach, who counts Pacquiao as the 24th world champion he has trained, sure thought so. When Roach prepares Pacquiao to fight, he looks for the habits of opponents, not their weaknesses. Weaknesses can be fixed, Roach reasoned, but habits will remain.

He knew Pacquiao would be giving away at least 10 pounds by fight time, giving away an inch and a half in height and two inches in weight. But when Roach watched Cotto, who had the inexperienced trainer Joe Santiago in his corner, he saw fundamental weaknesses, and he devised a plan for Pacquiao to pound Cotto’s body.

Santiago worked only his second fight as Cotto’s lead trainer Saturday, but all week he had pointed to his 18 years spent learning inside boxing gyms in Puerto Rico as reason to believe. On Friday, at a weigh-in hosted by the actor Jeremy Piven, Santiago marched right up to Roach, noted that Cotto had made the 145-pound weight stipulated in his contract, then called Roach a word that essentially means jerk.

Roach, the only man awarded trainer of the year three times, kept talking. He said that if Pacquiao hurt Cotto early, he would knock the Puerto Rican out. He said that Pacquiao would not lose a single round.

Some boxing writers at ring side said they believed Pacquiao lost the first round. But Pacquiao started landing in the second round, and when Cotto returned to his corner, he did so with a bloody nose.

Pacquiao Punished Cotto and get the Seventh Title

LAS VEGAS — When it ended, Manny Pacquiao had won his seventh title in seven weight divisions, a first in boxing history. Miguel Cotto exited with white shorts long stained red. His wife and son had left three rounds earlier, so bloody was the beating.

Manny Pacquiao, of the Philippines, right, lands a right to the head of Miguel Cotto, of Puerto Rico, during their WBO welterweight boxing title fight on Saturday in Las Vegas.

Pacquiao won this anticipated fight by technical knockout, after the fight was stopped in the 12th and final round at the MGM Grand Garden Arena. The fight easily could have stopped — some would say it should have stopped —earlier.

The brutal beatdown of Cotto continued Pacquiao’s progression, adding to a résumé that must now be weighed against the best in boxing history. Potentially, this could set up the boxing match everyone wants to see: Pacquiao against Floyd Mayweather Jr.

By the third round, Cotto (34-2) had been knocked down, his nose bloodied, his corner quieted. Here was Pacquiao (50-3-2), the savage, speedy southpaw, deconstructing yet another formidable opponent.

Cotto kept smacking Pacquiao in the thighs, trying to slow him down. It proved futile. In the fourth round, Pacquiao landed a powerful left hand — half uppercut, half hook — and Cotto’s face went backward, twisted in a grimace, as he fell to the canvas once again.

In the sixth round, Pacquiao busted Cotto’s bottom lip open, then took a shot from Cotto as the round ended. But Pacquiao sauntered back to his corner, a smile stretched wide across his face.

As the fight wore on, Cotto’s left eye kept swelling, until it looked like a golf ball was attached. Pacquiao landed punches with both hands, jabs, hooks, upper cuts, a punishing variety.

Cotto never quit, but he made a habit of dancing backward. In the ninth round, Pacquiao backed his opponent into the ropes, again and again, until he had rendered Cotto’s face a bloody mess.

The fight presented a classic contrast in styles. Could the larger, more powerful Cotto pound Pacquiao into submission? Could the fastest southpaw on the planet overwhelm Cotto with flurries by fist?

Both fighters came from poverty, won at young ages, captured the imagination of their countries in the process. Pacquiao entered this fight as the star of the show, but it was Cotto who was the World Boxing Organization welterweight champion.

Pacquiao kept moving up in weight, kept beating favored fighters, winning as easily at 112 pounds as at 140. He earned six titles in six weight divisions, forced Oscar De La Hoya into retirement, knocked out Ricky Hatton with a savage blow rarely delivered by a man his size.

Along the way, Pacquiao collected belts, from lightweight to junior welterweight and every belt in between. He entered Henry Armstrong territory, earning comparisons to the boxer who won three titles in 10 months in 1937 when there were only eight divisions.

Pacquiao was more than just a boxer. He became an international superstar, a singer with albums that twice went platinum, an actor with so much money he made his own movies.

As this fight, the toughest of his career, crept closer, celebrities picked Pacquiao to win. Everyone from Hillary Clinton to Sylvester Stallone — Rocky himself — predicted victory.

Proof of Pacquiao’s own confidence came from the concert he scheduled at Mandalay Bay, a full eight songs to be sung fewer than two hours after the fight concluded.

But Cotto was no ordinary opponent, not at first glance anyway. His only loss in the 35 fights came against Antonio Margarito, an opponent later caught with doctored gloves, who beat Cotto so badly in this ring that Cotto was bleeding from his mouth, eye and ears.

After that fight, Cotto covered his body in tattoos and claimed he had moved on. But the question lingered: Had Margarito permanently softened Cotto?

Freddie Roach, who counts Pacquiao as the 24th world champion he has trained, sure thought so. When Roach prepares Pacquiao to fight, he looks for the habits of opponents, not their weaknesses. Weaknesses can be fixed, Roach reasoned, but habits will remain.

He knew Pacquiao would be giving away at least 10 pounds by fight time, giving away an inch and a half in height and two inches in weight. But when Roach watched Cotto, who had the inexperienced trainer Joe Santiago in his corner, he saw fundamental weaknesses, and he devised a plan for Pacquiao to pound Cotto’s body.

Santiago worked only his second fight as Cotto’s lead trainer Saturday, but all week he had pointed to his 18 years spent learning inside boxing gyms in Puerto Rico as reason to believe. On Friday, at a weigh-in hosted by the actor Jeremy Piven, Santiago marched right up to Roach, noted that Cotto had made the 145-pound weight stipulated in his contract, then called Roach a word that essentially means jerk.

Roach, the only man awarded trainer of the year three times, kept talking. He said that if Pacquiao hurt Cotto early, he would knock the Puerto Rican out. He said that Pacquiao would not lose a single round.

Some boxing writers at ring side said they believed Pacquiao lost the first round. But Pacquiao started landing in the second round, and when Cotto returned to his corner, he did so with a bloody nose.

Pacquiao Punished Cotto and get the Seventh Title

LAS VEGAS — When it ended, Manny Pacquiao had won his seventh title in seven weight divisions, a first in boxing history. Miguel Cotto exited with white shorts long stained red. His wife and son had left three rounds earlier, so bloody was the beating.

Manny Pacquiao, of the Philippines, right, lands a right to the head of Miguel Cotto, of Puerto Rico, during their WBO welterweight boxing title fight on Saturday in Las Vegas.

Pacquiao won this anticipated fight by technical knockout, after the fight was stopped in the 12th and final round at the MGM Grand Garden Arena. The fight easily could have stopped — some would say it should have stopped —earlier.

The brutal beatdown of Cotto continued Pacquiao’s progression, adding to a résumé that must now be weighed against the best in boxing history. Potentially, this could set up the boxing match everyone wants to see: Pacquiao against Floyd Mayweather Jr.

By the third round, Cotto (34-2) had been knocked down, his nose bloodied, his corner quieted. Here was Pacquiao (50-3-2), the savage, speedy southpaw, deconstructing yet another formidable opponent.

Cotto kept smacking Pacquiao in the thighs, trying to slow him down. It proved futile. In the fourth round, Pacquiao landed a powerful left hand — half uppercut, half hook — and Cotto’s face went backward, twisted in a grimace, as he fell to the canvas once again.

In the sixth round, Pacquiao busted Cotto’s bottom lip open, then took a shot from Cotto as the round ended. But Pacquiao sauntered back to his corner, a smile stretched wide across his face.

As the fight wore on, Cotto’s left eye kept swelling, until it looked like a golf ball was attached. Pacquiao landed punches with both hands, jabs, hooks, upper cuts, a punishing variety.

Cotto never quit, but he made a habit of dancing backward. In the ninth round, Pacquiao backed his opponent into the ropes, again and again, until he had rendered Cotto’s face a bloody mess.

The fight presented a classic contrast in styles. Could the larger, more powerful Cotto pound Pacquiao into submission? Could the fastest southpaw on the planet overwhelm Cotto with flurries by fist?

Both fighters came from poverty, won at young ages, captured the imagination of their countries in the process. Pacquiao entered this fight as the star of the show, but it was Cotto who was the World Boxing Organization welterweight champion.

Pacquiao kept moving up in weight, kept beating favored fighters, winning as easily at 112 pounds as at 140. He earned six titles in six weight divisions, forced Oscar De La Hoya into retirement, knocked out Ricky Hatton with a savage blow rarely delivered by a man his size.

Along the way, Pacquiao collected belts, from lightweight to junior welterweight and every belt in between. He entered Henry Armstrong territory, earning comparisons to the boxer who won three titles in 10 months in 1937 when there were only eight divisions.

Pacquiao was more than just a boxer. He became an international superstar, a singer with albums that twice went platinum, an actor with so much money he made his own movies.

As this fight, the toughest of his career, crept closer, celebrities picked Pacquiao to win. Everyone from Hillary Clinton to Sylvester Stallone — Rocky himself — predicted victory.

Proof of Pacquiao’s own confidence came from the concert he scheduled at Mandalay Bay, a full eight songs to be sung fewer than two hours after the fight concluded.

But Cotto was no ordinary opponent, not at first glance anyway. His only loss in the 35 fights came against Antonio Margarito, an opponent later caught with doctored gloves, who beat Cotto so badly in this ring that Cotto was bleeding from his mouth, eye and ears.

After that fight, Cotto covered his body in tattoos and claimed he had moved on. But the question lingered: Had Margarito permanently softened Cotto?

Freddie Roach, who counts Pacquiao as the 24th world champion he has trained, sure thought so. When Roach prepares Pacquiao to fight, he looks for the habits of opponents, not their weaknesses. Weaknesses can be fixed, Roach reasoned, but habits will remain.

He knew Pacquiao would be giving away at least 10 pounds by fight time, giving away an inch and a half in height and two inches in weight. But when Roach watched Cotto, who had the inexperienced trainer Joe Santiago in his corner, he saw fundamental weaknesses, and he devised a plan for Pacquiao to pound Cotto’s body.

Santiago worked only his second fight as Cotto’s lead trainer Saturday, but all week he had pointed to his 18 years spent learning inside boxing gyms in Puerto Rico as reason to believe. On Friday, at a weigh-in hosted by the actor Jeremy Piven, Santiago marched right up to Roach, noted that Cotto had made the 145-pound weight stipulated in his contract, then called Roach a word that essentially means jerk.

Roach, the only man awarded trainer of the year three times, kept talking. He said that if Pacquiao hurt Cotto early, he would knock the Puerto Rican out. He said that Pacquiao would not lose a single round.

Some boxing writers at ring side said they believed Pacquiao lost the first round. But Pacquiao started landing in the second round, and when Cotto returned to his corner, he did so with a bloody nose.

Pacquiao Punished Cotto and get the Seventh Title

LAS VEGAS — When it ended, Manny Pacquiao had won his seventh title in seven weight divisions, a first in boxing history. Miguel Cotto exited with white shorts long stained red. His wife and son had left three rounds earlier, so bloody was the beating.

Manny Pacquiao, of the Philippines, right, lands a right to the head of Miguel Cotto, of Puerto Rico, during their WBO welterweight boxing title fight on Saturday in Las Vegas.

Pacquiao won this anticipated fight by technical knockout, after the fight was stopped in the 12th and final round at the MGM Grand Garden Arena. The fight easily could have stopped — some would say it should have stopped —earlier.

The brutal beatdown of Cotto continued Pacquiao’s progression, adding to a résumé that must now be weighed against the best in boxing history. Potentially, this could set up the boxing match everyone wants to see: Pacquiao against Floyd Mayweather Jr.

By the third round, Cotto (34-2) had been knocked down, his nose bloodied, his corner quieted. Here was Pacquiao (50-3-2), the savage, speedy southpaw, deconstructing yet another formidable opponent.

Cotto kept smacking Pacquiao in the thighs, trying to slow him down. It proved futile. In the fourth round, Pacquiao landed a powerful left hand — half uppercut, half hook — and Cotto’s face went backward, twisted in a grimace, as he fell to the canvas once again.

In the sixth round, Pacquiao busted Cotto’s bottom lip open, then took a shot from Cotto as the round ended. But Pacquiao sauntered back to his corner, a smile stretched wide across his face.

As the fight wore on, Cotto’s left eye kept swelling, until it looked like a golf ball was attached. Pacquiao landed punches with both hands, jabs, hooks, upper cuts, a punishing variety.

Cotto never quit, but he made a habit of dancing backward. In the ninth round, Pacquiao backed his opponent into the ropes, again and again, until he had rendered Cotto’s face a bloody mess.

The fight presented a classic contrast in styles. Could the larger, more powerful Cotto pound Pacquiao into submission? Could the fastest southpaw on the planet overwhelm Cotto with flurries by fist?

Both fighters came from poverty, won at young ages, captured the imagination of their countries in the process. Pacquiao entered this fight as the star of the show, but it was Cotto who was the World Boxing Organization welterweight champion.

Pacquiao kept moving up in weight, kept beating favored fighters, winning as easily at 112 pounds as at 140. He earned six titles in six weight divisions, forced Oscar De La Hoya into retirement, knocked out Ricky Hatton with a savage blow rarely delivered by a man his size.

Along the way, Pacquiao collected belts, from lightweight to junior welterweight and every belt in between. He entered Henry Armstrong territory, earning comparisons to the boxer who won three titles in 10 months in 1937 when there were only eight divisions.

Pacquiao was more than just a boxer. He became an international superstar, a singer with albums that twice went platinum, an actor with so much money he made his own movies.

As this fight, the toughest of his career, crept closer, celebrities picked Pacquiao to win. Everyone from Hillary Clinton to Sylvester Stallone — Rocky himself — predicted victory.

Proof of Pacquiao’s own confidence came from the concert he scheduled at Mandalay Bay, a full eight songs to be sung fewer than two hours after the fight concluded.

But Cotto was no ordinary opponent, not at first glance anyway. His only loss in the 35 fights came against Antonio Margarito, an opponent later caught with doctored gloves, who beat Cotto so badly in this ring that Cotto was bleeding from his mouth, eye and ears.

After that fight, Cotto covered his body in tattoos and claimed he had moved on. But the question lingered: Had Margarito permanently softened Cotto?

Freddie Roach, who counts Pacquiao as the 24th world champion he has trained, sure thought so. When Roach prepares Pacquiao to fight, he looks for the habits of opponents, not their weaknesses. Weaknesses can be fixed, Roach reasoned, but habits will remain.

He knew Pacquiao would be giving away at least 10 pounds by fight time, giving away an inch and a half in height and two inches in weight. But when Roach watched Cotto, who had the inexperienced trainer Joe Santiago in his corner, he saw fundamental weaknesses, and he devised a plan for Pacquiao to pound Cotto’s body.

Santiago worked only his second fight as Cotto’s lead trainer Saturday, but all week he had pointed to his 18 years spent learning inside boxing gyms in Puerto Rico as reason to believe. On Friday, at a weigh-in hosted by the actor Jeremy Piven, Santiago marched right up to Roach, noted that Cotto had made the 145-pound weight stipulated in his contract, then called Roach a word that essentially means jerk.

Roach, the only man awarded trainer of the year three times, kept talking. He said that if Pacquiao hurt Cotto early, he would knock the Puerto Rican out. He said that Pacquiao would not lose a single round.

Some boxing writers at ring side said they believed Pacquiao lost the first round. But Pacquiao started landing in the second round, and when Cotto returned to his corner, he did so with a bloody nose.

Pacquiao Punished Cotto and get the Seventh Title

LAS VEGAS — When it ended, Manny Pacquiao had won his seventh title in seven weight divisions, a first in boxing history. Miguel Cotto exited with white shorts long stained red. His wife and son had left three rounds earlier, so bloody was the beating.

Manny Pacquiao, of the Philippines, right, lands a right to the head of Miguel Cotto, of Puerto Rico, during their WBO welterweight boxing title fight on Saturday in Las Vegas.

Pacquiao won this anticipated fight by technical knockout, after the fight was stopped in the 12th and final round at the MGM Grand Garden Arena. The fight easily could have stopped — some would say it should have stopped —earlier.

The brutal beatdown of Cotto continued Pacquiao’s progression, adding to a résumé that must now be weighed against the best in boxing history. Potentially, this could set up the boxing match everyone wants to see: Pacquiao against Floyd Mayweather Jr.

By the third round, Cotto (34-2) had been knocked down, his nose bloodied, his corner quieted. Here was Pacquiao (50-3-2), the savage, speedy southpaw, deconstructing yet another formidable opponent.

Cotto kept smacking Pacquiao in the thighs, trying to slow him down. It proved futile. In the fourth round, Pacquiao landed a powerful left hand — half uppercut, half hook — and Cotto’s face went backward, twisted in a grimace, as he fell to the canvas once again.

In the sixth round, Pacquiao busted Cotto’s bottom lip open, then took a shot from Cotto as the round ended. But Pacquiao sauntered back to his corner, a smile stretched wide across his face.

As the fight wore on, Cotto’s left eye kept swelling, until it looked like a golf ball was attached. Pacquiao landed punches with both hands, jabs, hooks, upper cuts, a punishing variety.

Cotto never quit, but he made a habit of dancing backward. In the ninth round, Pacquiao backed his opponent into the ropes, again and again, until he had rendered Cotto’s face a bloody mess.

The fight presented a classic contrast in styles. Could the larger, more powerful Cotto pound Pacquiao into submission? Could the fastest southpaw on the planet overwhelm Cotto with flurries by fist?

Both fighters came from poverty, won at young ages, captured the imagination of their countries in the process. Pacquiao entered this fight as the star of the show, but it was Cotto who was the World Boxing Organization welterweight champion.

Pacquiao kept moving up in weight, kept beating favored fighters, winning as easily at 112 pounds as at 140. He earned six titles in six weight divisions, forced Oscar De La Hoya into retirement, knocked out Ricky Hatton with a savage blow rarely delivered by a man his size.

Along the way, Pacquiao collected belts, from lightweight to junior welterweight and every belt in between. He entered Henry Armstrong territory, earning comparisons to the boxer who won three titles in 10 months in 1937 when there were only eight divisions.

Pacquiao was more than just a boxer. He became an international superstar, a singer with albums that twice went platinum, an actor with so much money he made his own movies.

As this fight, the toughest of his career, crept closer, celebrities picked Pacquiao to win. Everyone from Hillary Clinton to Sylvester Stallone — Rocky himself — predicted victory.

Proof of Pacquiao’s own confidence came from the concert he scheduled at Mandalay Bay, a full eight songs to be sung fewer than two hours after the fight concluded.

But Cotto was no ordinary opponent, not at first glance anyway. His only loss in the 35 fights came against Antonio Margarito, an opponent later caught with doctored gloves, who beat Cotto so badly in this ring that Cotto was bleeding from his mouth, eye and ears.

After that fight, Cotto covered his body in tattoos and claimed he had moved on. But the question lingered: Had Margarito permanently softened Cotto?

Freddie Roach, who counts Pacquiao as the 24th world champion he has trained, sure thought so. When Roach prepares Pacquiao to fight, he looks for the habits of opponents, not their weaknesses. Weaknesses can be fixed, Roach reasoned, but habits will remain.

He knew Pacquiao would be giving away at least 10 pounds by fight time, giving away an inch and a half in height and two inches in weight. But when Roach watched Cotto, who had the inexperienced trainer Joe Santiago in his corner, he saw fundamental weaknesses, and he devised a plan for Pacquiao to pound Cotto’s body.

Santiago worked only his second fight as Cotto’s lead trainer Saturday, but all week he had pointed to his 18 years spent learning inside boxing gyms in Puerto Rico as reason to believe. On Friday, at a weigh-in hosted by the actor Jeremy Piven, Santiago marched right up to Roach, noted that Cotto had made the 145-pound weight stipulated in his contract, then called Roach a word that essentially means jerk.

Roach, the only man awarded trainer of the year three times, kept talking. He said that if Pacquiao hurt Cotto early, he would knock the Puerto Rican out. He said that Pacquiao would not lose a single round.

Some boxing writers at ring side said they believed Pacquiao lost the first round. But Pacquiao started landing in the second round, and when Cotto returned to his corner, he did so with a bloody nose.

Pacquiao Punished Cotto and get the Seventh Title

LAS VEGAS — When it ended, Manny Pacquiao had won his seventh title in seven weight divisions, a first in boxing history. Miguel Cotto exited with white shorts long stained red. His wife and son had left three rounds earlier, so bloody was the beating.

Manny Pacquiao, of the Philippines, right, lands a right to the head of Miguel Cotto, of Puerto Rico, during their WBO welterweight boxing title fight on Saturday in Las Vegas.

Pacquiao won this anticipated fight by technical knockout, after the fight was stopped in the 12th and final round at the MGM Grand Garden Arena. The fight easily could have stopped — some would say it should have stopped —earlier.

The brutal beatdown of Cotto continued Pacquiao’s progression, adding to a résumé that must now be weighed against the best in boxing history. Potentially, this could set up the boxing match everyone wants to see: Pacquiao against Floyd Mayweather Jr.

By the third round, Cotto (34-2) had been knocked down, his nose bloodied, his corner quieted. Here was Pacquiao (50-3-2), the savage, speedy southpaw, deconstructing yet another formidable opponent.

Cotto kept smacking Pacquiao in the thighs, trying to slow him down. It proved futile. In the fourth round, Pacquiao landed a powerful left hand — half uppercut, half hook — and Cotto’s face went backward, twisted in a grimace, as he fell to the canvas once again.

In the sixth round, Pacquiao busted Cotto’s bottom lip open, then took a shot from Cotto as the round ended. But Pacquiao sauntered back to his corner, a smile stretched wide across his face.

As the fight wore on, Cotto’s left eye kept swelling, until it looked like a golf ball was attached. Pacquiao landed punches with both hands, jabs, hooks, upper cuts, a punishing variety.

Cotto never quit, but he made a habit of dancing backward. In the ninth round, Pacquiao backed his opponent into the ropes, again and again, until he had rendered Cotto’s face a bloody mess.

The fight presented a classic contrast in styles. Could the larger, more powerful Cotto pound Pacquiao into submission? Could the fastest southpaw on the planet overwhelm Cotto with flurries by fist?

Both fighters came from poverty, won at young ages, captured the imagination of their countries in the process. Pacquiao entered this fight as the star of the show, but it was Cotto who was the World Boxing Organization welterweight champion.

Pacquiao kept moving up in weight, kept beating favored fighters, winning as easily at 112 pounds as at 140. He earned six titles in six weight divisions, forced Oscar De La Hoya into retirement, knocked out Ricky Hatton with a savage blow rarely delivered by a man his size.

Along the way, Pacquiao collected belts, from lightweight to junior welterweight and every belt in between. He entered Henry Armstrong territory, earning comparisons to the boxer who won three titles in 10 months in 1937 when there were only eight divisions.

Pacquiao was more than just a boxer. He became an international superstar, a singer with albums that twice went platinum, an actor with so much money he made his own movies.

As this fight, the toughest of his career, crept closer, celebrities picked Pacquiao to win. Everyone from Hillary Clinton to Sylvester Stallone — Rocky himself — predicted victory.

Proof of Pacquiao’s own confidence came from the concert he scheduled at Mandalay Bay, a full eight songs to be sung fewer than two hours after the fight concluded.

But Cotto was no ordinary opponent, not at first glance anyway. His only loss in the 35 fights came against Antonio Margarito, an opponent later caught with doctored gloves, who beat Cotto so badly in this ring that Cotto was bleeding from his mouth, eye and ears.

After that fight, Cotto covered his body in tattoos and claimed he had moved on. But the question lingered: Had Margarito permanently softened Cotto?

Freddie Roach, who counts Pacquiao as the 24th world champion he has trained, sure thought so. When Roach prepares Pacquiao to fight, he looks for the habits of opponents, not their weaknesses. Weaknesses can be fixed, Roach reasoned, but habits will remain.

He knew Pacquiao would be giving away at least 10 pounds by fight time, giving away an inch and a half in height and two inches in weight. But when Roach watched Cotto, who had the inexperienced trainer Joe Santiago in his corner, he saw fundamental weaknesses, and he devised a plan for Pacquiao to pound Cotto’s body.

Santiago worked only his second fight as Cotto’s lead trainer Saturday, but all week he had pointed to his 18 years spent learning inside boxing gyms in Puerto Rico as reason to believe. On Friday, at a weigh-in hosted by the actor Jeremy Piven, Santiago marched right up to Roach, noted that Cotto had made the 145-pound weight stipulated in his contract, then called Roach a word that essentially means jerk.

Roach, the only man awarded trainer of the year three times, kept talking. He said that if Pacquiao hurt Cotto early, he would knock the Puerto Rican out. He said that Pacquiao would not lose a single round.

Some boxing writers at ring side said they believed Pacquiao lost the first round. But Pacquiao started landing in the second round, and when Cotto returned to his corner, he did so with a bloody nose.

Pacquiao knocks down Cotto twice (UPDATE)

MANILA - Manny Pacquiao knocked down Miguel Cotto for the second time 20 seconds left in Round 4. Pacquiao earlier knocked down Cotto in Round 3 as the pound-for-pound king threw a 1-2-3.

Cotto's jabs connects in Round 1 and Pacquiao jabbs back. Cotto connects with a left hook, which throws Pacman back a bit. Cotto jabs again. Pacman tries to figure Cotto. Cotto jabs effecively while Pacman takes his time. Pacman connects with 1-2. Pacman tries to slip, attacks, but Cotto holds. Cotto presses attack, Pacman lands left hook which wobbles Cotto a bit.

In Round 2, Pacman jabs, throws a left straight. Cotto fights back. He seems to look faster than Pacman. Pacman keeps his hands up, defends self. The Filipino connects left straight, throws combinatons. Cotto appears to have thrown a low blow. Pacman rattles Cotto with big left hooks and explosive punches. Cotto seems a bit hurt. Cotto tries to trap Pacman in the corner but the Pacman escapes

Cotto survives the knockdown in Round 3. Pacman attacks again. Pacman presses the fight, Cotto recovers. Both fighters unleash big bombs. Pacman jabs in , connects with left, darts out. Cotto was told to keep his punches high, Cotto pushes Pacman's head down.

In Round 4, Cotto jabs, throws big left, Pacman retreats. Cotto throws body punches, Pacman throws 1-2, then upper cuts, cuts Cotto's combo. Pacman throws assault, Cotto's knees wobble. The referee separates them. Pacman on the ropes waits for Cotto's attack, slips and escapes. Cotto, who got knocked down, is saved by the bell.

Fight is still ongoing.

as of 11/15/2009 1:12 PM

How to mount network drive manually and auto in ubuntu

Manual mount

On your terminal type choose on the ffollowing command depending your need

 For a samba server with password protection:
Code:

sudo mount -t cifs //netbiosname/sharename /media/sharename -o sername=winusername,password=winpassword,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777


 If your samba share does not require a password just use the following line instead:
Code:
sudo mount t -t cifs //netbiosname/sharename /media/sharename -o guest,rw,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777

 If your guest access does not allow write access, just remove the file and dir modes like so:
Code:

sudo mount -t cifs //netbiosname/sharename /media/sharename -o guest,iocharset=utf8

Permanent mount
create a file using the following instruction and command

1. Open a terminal then type in su root and supply the password
   
2. cd /root/ the enter
   
3. create a file name .smbcredentials on root type touch .smbcredentials
   
4. vim credentials
   
5. on you keyboard press i to insert then add the following
   
   • username=joemar
     
   • password=sinister08
     
6. then save press : wg to save
   
7. change the permission chmod 777 .smbcredentials
   

Now we edit fstab:
Code:
nano /etc/fstab
and at the end of the file, insert one (1) of the following 3 lines according to your needs. Make sure you change "netbiosname" and "sharename" to the correct names for the server you are trying to connect to. (if you don't know what these are, please see the next post)

 For a password protected share with read/write permission.
Code:
//netbiosname/sharename /media/sharename cifs credentials=.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8

For a non-password protected share with read/write permission use this instead:
Code:
//netbiosname/sharename /media/sharename cifs guest,rw,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777 0 0
 For read only guest access:
Code:
//netbiosname/sharename /media/sharename cifs guest,iocharset=utf8 0 0

Finally, test your settings to make sure they work:
Code:
sudo mount -a

How to install hp P1006 in ubuntu

On your terminal type in the command below to download the driver
$ wget -O foo2zjs.tar.gz http://foo2zjs.rkkda.com/foo2zjs.tar.gz Now unpack it:
Unpack:
$ tar zxf foo2zjs.tar.gz
$ cd foo2zjs
Compile:
$ make

Get extra files from the web, such as .ICM profiles for color correction,
and firmware. Select the model number for your printer:
$ ./getweb P1005 # Get HP LaserJet P1005 firmware file
$ ./getweb P1006 # Get HP LaserJet P1006 firmware file
$ ./getweb P1007 # Get HP LaserJet P1007 firmware file
$ ./getweb P1008 # Get HP LaserJet P1008 firmware file
$ ./getweb P1505 # Get HP LaserJet P1505 firmware file

Install driver, foomatic XML files, and extra files:
$ su OR $ sudo make install
# make install

(Optional) Configure hotplug (USB; HP LJ P1005/P1006/P1007/P1008/P1505):
# make install-hotplug OR $ sudo make install-hotplug

---

Installing HP 1020 1022n HP2550

Open Terminal and type in the following

1. Plug in and turn on your printer(1020, 1022n, 2550)
2. su root then supply the admin password
3. Install the follwing packages (apt-get install cups cups-pdf)
4. the type in hpsetup and follow the instructions

How to restore and backup with backuppc

After you had setup backuppc lets try to access it by typing the ip address of the server

http://ip address/backuppc

it will ask you the username and password

Click on 'Start Full Backup' button to start your first backup. Note that this first backup will take a while. The next time you back up, it will be an 'incremental' backup and should only take a few minutes.
If you get any error messages, let the administrator know of that message

---

7. Retrieve backed-up data

To restore files / folders, simply click on 'browse backups' link on the left menu.

You should see a screen like the above.

Then click the checkboxes next to the files and folders you want to restore and click on 'restore selected files.'

Once you click on 'restore selected files,' a screen like the below should show up. There are 3 options to what to do with the files / folders you've selected.

• Option 1: Direct Restore
• Option 2: Download Zip archive
• Option 3: Download Tar archive

Option 1 will write the backed up files / folders to your harddrive (if the same file is there, it will overwrite).

Option 2 and 3 will archive the files / folders and let you download the archived package as .zip or .tar respectively. This feature has other potential uses than just backup / restoration; you can access the backed up files / folders from anywhere in the world!

How to set up backuppc in mac client

1. Generate SSH keys

We will call the name of the user 'linus.' So every time you see 'linus', replace it with your own username. First, in your home directory, as the linus user,

ssh-keygen -t rsa

It will ask for where to store the file and passphrase. Do not enter anything and just keep pressing enter. Now let's make a copy of the public key for the server.

cd ~/.ssh
ls

The above is to make sure you have id_rsa & id_rsa.pub

cp id_rsa.pub clientname_id_rsa.pub

clientname is the name of your computer (which appears in your terminal; eg linus@linusbox:~$ - in this case linusbox is your computer name). I am assuming that you have a unique computer name on your network. The private key file (id_rsa) is something that you must guard with your life! (ok i'm exaggerating) Let's make sure that it's non-readable by anyone else but linus;

chown linus:linus id_rsa
chmod 600 id_rsa

---

2. Exchange SSH keys with Server

Email 'clientname_id_rsa.pub' to the administrator so that they can put it in the server's .ssh directory.
To allow the server access to your computer, obtain the public SSH key of the server from the administrator.
Once you have the server public key (BackupPC_id_rsa.pub), you must add it to the authorized key list. If you already have a file named 'authorized_keys2' in your /home/linus/.ssh directory, you can skip the third command.

cd /home/linus/.ssh/
touch authorized_keys2
mv /location/of/the/file/BackupPC_id_rsa.pub /home/linus/.ssh/
cat BackupPC_id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys2

/location/of/the/file/ is obviously where you downloaded and placed the file. Now for additional security, we want to limit the allowed host to the backup server. Note that I use the text editor gedit, but you can use vi, nano, kate, or anything else.
If you use vi for the first time, click here for more information.

gedit /home/linus/.ssh/authorized_keys2

Add the address of the server at the beginning of the file to make the file look like this: (bolded part)

from="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" ssh-rsa [base64 key, eg: ABwBCEAIIALyoqa8....]

Make sure again the permission is set correctly.

chmod -R go-rwx /home/linus/.ssh

---

3. Create Config File

Now in your home directory as the regular user, create your configuration file named 'clientname.pl' where clientname is the name of your computer.

gedit clientname.pl

Copy and paste the following.

$Conf{XferMethod} = 'rsync';
$Conf{BackupFilesExclude} = [.Trash', '/Trash', '/automount', '/Network', '/private/var/automount', '/private/var/run', '/private/var/vm', '/private/var/tmp', '/private/tmp', 'Caches', 'CachedMessages', '/stuff/unwanted'];
$Conf{ClientNameAlias} = 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx';

This file assumes that you want to back up everything in your harddrive except for the directories specified in the config file. To add more directories to be excluded, simple add the paths to the directories in the second line following the syntax shown above (ie wrap the path with '' and have a comma and a space in between).
If you wish to back up only the specified files, then replace the second line with the following and likewise add desired directory paths to that line following the syntax.

$Conf{BackupFilesOnly} = ['/myFiles', '/important', '/home/linus/stuff'];

If you wish to add more options (otherwise the default settings will be used), please refer to the BackupPC documentation website.

---

4. Submit Files to Administrator

Now let us send the following files and information to the administrator (by email or whatever) if you have not dones so already.

1. clientname_id_rsa.pub
2. clientname.pl
3. Your username (in our case it is linus).

At this point, the administrator should get back to you with your own username and password (which they might ask you to come up with) and the good news that your back up service is up and running.

---

5. Turn On SSH Server

In Mac OS X, SSH is installed by default, but the server part of it is not turned on. To turn it on, click on the beloved apple --> System Preference --> Sharing. You should see a screen like the one below.

Click on 'Remote Login' under services and close the window.

How to set up backuppc in windows client

1. Download the software package (zip)

Get it here!
Sourceforge.net (get the 'zip' package)

2. Unpackage it

make a folder named 'rsyncd' in C:

unzip the content into C:\rysncd

3. Edit Configuration Files

1.) rsyncd.secrets file

Located at C:\rsyncd\rsyncd.secrets

The file should look like this:

#
# The format of this file is user:password. You can have as many entries
# as you wish. These accounts are sepecifc to the rsync daemon and share
# no relation to Windows local/domain accounts, nor Cywin entries in the
# passwd file.
#
# SECURITY WARNING: Don't use these defaults of UUU for the user name
# and PPP for the password! Change them!!
#
# Also: make sure this file ends in a newline. Otherwise the last
# username/password pair will be ignored.
#
UUU:PPP

Read the instructions. As it says, make sure that the last line is a new blank line.Replace 'UUU' with a username (no, it does not code for phenylalanine).
You can just make up this username. Replace 'PPP' with a real password (should at least have numbers and alphabets).
2) C:\cygwin\rsyncd.conf File
Required modification:

Find the following section:

#
# What user(s) have access to this module. The user(s) must be
# defined in the secrets file. A comma or space separated list.
#
# Example:
# auth users = backup, root, larry
# auth users = backup root larry
#
auth users = username, backuppc

Where it says 'auth users = .....', replace any existing name(s) with the username that you placed in 'rsyncd.secrets' file AND add the user 'backuppc' (as shown in the example above).

Also find the following section in the file.

#
# What hosts are allowed access to this module? By default, all
# hosts are allowed access. If you wish to further strengthen
# the security of your setup, uncomment and replace with the IP
# address your BackupPC server. This is a flexible setting and
# can be one of:
#
# a dotted decimal IP address: 172.16.0.17
# a address/mask in the form a.b.c.d/n: 172.16.0.0/24
# an address/mask in the form ipaddr/maskaddr: 172.16.0.0/255.255.255.0
# a hostname: backupserver
# a hostname pattern using wildcards: backup
#
# hosts allow =

hosts allow = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

IMPORTANT: Make the same modifications for the variables shown at the end of the file. ie for

• hosts alow
• auth users

Optional Modifications.

By default, the backup software will back up practically everything in your 'C:\Documents and Settings'folder. If you want to specify the
folders to be backed up, find the following section and modify.

#
# Exact DOS style path to the file or directory to be rsync accessible
#
path = c:/Documents and Settings
#
# A short description of the module. This is what is printed when
# using rsync to 'browse' the server for what modules are available.
#
comment = Documents and Settings

Note that the slash is forward (not backward).
Also note that everything inside the specified folder will be backed up. However, you can exclude certain folders by specifying them on the
config file on the server; you can let the administrator know what folders to be excluded.
Moreover, you can only specify one path here (to specify multiple paths, see below). Here is an example,

path = c:/stuff/important_stuff/really_important_stuff

The 'comment' should only be 1 line. It would be a good idea to write this description for future reference
Automatic Restoration - if you would like BackupPC to automatically restore files on your computer (ie the backup server has the privilege to
write to your computer), then you must turn on this option (it's off by default). If you are planning on backing up system files so that you can restore the system (not just the data), this may be a good idea.
Otherwise, you will have to download the desired files/folders from BackupPC and manually restore them.

To turn on the option, find the following section and change 'true' to 'false'

#
# Only allow clients to READ from the server. This prevents uploads
# from remote machines. If you wish to allow uploads, change this too
# "true".
#
# WARNING: Setting this to true means that BackupPC restores via
# rsyncd will fail. You most likely want to set this to "false".
#
read only = true

4. Change the Permission

Now we want to make the 'resyncd.secrets' file read-only.
C:\rsyncd\rsyncd.secrets

To do this, right click the file and choose 'Properties.'

Check where it says 'Read-Only'

5. Set Up rsyncd Service

Next, set up the rsync job as a service to be started at boot-up.

Click on Start --> Run

type 'cmd' and press enter. In the terminal,

cd \rsyncd

Then,

cygrunsrv.exe -I rsyncd -e CYGWIN=nontsec -p c:/rsyncd/rsync.exe -a "--config=c:/rsyncd/rsyncd.conf --daemon --no-detach"

the second command is a long one liner. You must issue these commands without any misspelling.
To test to see if the above command was properly issued,

Go to Control Panel --> Administrative Tools --> Services

Find 'rsync' and click on 'start' to see if the service starts properly.

6. Open a Port

Finally, open a port for rsync in the firewall.
Control Panel --> Firewall --> Exceptions

• Name: rsyncd
• Port number: 873
• Type: TCP

7. Submit config files to Administrator

Now the final step is to create and submit configuration files to the administrator.
cleintname.pl file

Copy and paste the following in Notepad:

# Tell BackupPC we wish to use rsyncd: requires rsync to be running as
# a service/daemon on the client system
#
$Conf{XferMethod} = 'rsyncd';
#
# Tell BackupPC which user name and password to use. This should
# match the userName:password pair in the C:\rsyncd\rsyncd.secrets
# file on the client.
#
$Conf{RsyncdUserName} = 'username';
$Conf{RsyncdPasswd} = 'password';
#
# Tell BackupPC which share to backup. This should be the name
# of the module from C:\rsyncd\rsyncd.conf on the client (the
# name inside the square brackets). In the sample rsynd.conf
# file the cDrive module is the entire C drive.
#
$Conf{RsyncShareName} = 'cDrive';
#
# Link the IP address to the host name
$Conf{ClientNameAlias} = 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX';

Now change the bolded items; username and password.